Turkey’s Ethnic Cleansing Plan for Northeast Syria Condemned by Regional Organizations - Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)

We, a group of human rights organizations from the Middle East and North Africa, express our grave concern regarding Turkey’s military operation in northeastern Syria and its plan to resettle Syrian refugees in the area, following US President Donald Trump’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from the area. This act of aggression will lead to serious human rights violations and further destabilize the region. The military incursion has already resulted in 218 civilian deaths, and there are reports that key civilian infrastructure has been targeted, including water pumping stations, dams, power stations, and oil fields. Accordingly, an additional 150,000 to 160,000 Syrians have been displaced by the violence so far. While we welcome the announcement of turkey’s temporary suspension of its military operation, reports from Syria suggest that fighting continues on the border. To this end, we stress the need for an effective agreement that enforces any ceasefire on the ground and the full withdrawal of Turkey’s forces from the area while also ensuring the protection of civilians and preventing any attempts at demographic change as a means to solve the security concerns of the parties to the conflict.

Over the last eight years, the Syrian people have suffered greatly at the hands of all parties to the conflict, most grievously from the violent repression and brutal assaults carried out by the Syrian government under President Bashar al-Assad. The Syrian civil war has created 5.6 million refugees and internally displaced an additional 6.6 million people. Turkey’s President Recip Tayyip Erdogan has announced his plan to create a so-called “safe zone” in northeastern Syria and forcibly transfer up to 2 million Syrian refugees into the area.

This will only exacerbate the conflict and result in further casualties and displacement of the local population, which is made up of Kurds, Arabs, and Assyrians. This further militarization of the conflict has already lead to escalation with the Syrian army entering the northeast to confront the Turkish military, following an agreement between the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) and the Syrian government. This is the latest step in the ongoing pressure by the Turkish government against its 3.6 million Syrian refugees, which has included shutting down refugee camps and forcibly returning Syrian refugees to a war zone, in violation of its obligations under international refugee law.

We are concerned that the Turkish government’s plans to resettle Syrian refugees from different parts of the country in territory cleared by the military incursion will result in enforced demographic change and further conflict, endangering both returning refugees and the local population. This operation has troubling similarities to Turkey’s Operation Olive Branch in northwest Syria in and around the city of Afrin, which resulted in serious human rights violations and demographic change. Approximately 137,000 Syrians were displaced from Afrin as part of Turkey’s plans to reduce the Kurdish majority in the area. The Turkish government transferred Syrian Arabs to Afrin and into the homes of Kurds who fled. The Turkish military and its allies also damaged and destroyed the historical, cultural, and religious sites of the indigenous communities in the area.

Moreover, Afrin’s residents suffer ongoing violations at the hands of Turkish backed armed groups, including intimidation, arbitrary detention, kidnapping, torture and other ill-treatment, enforced disappearances, confiscation of property and homes, and looting. According to the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, civilians have been detained by these groups and accused of affiliation with specific Kurdish armed or political groups, and the whereabouts of many of these civilians remains unknown. Turkey, as the occupying power, bears the responsibility for these abuses and violations committed by its allies.

In this context, we recommend the following:

We request the United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic to investigate the human rights situation in northeast Syria and report their findings to the UN Human Rights Council
We call on state and non-state actors to share any and all evidence of serious crimes committed in northern Syria with the International Impartial and Independent Mechanism (IIIM) and for the international community to ensure accountability through relevant criminal proceedings for any crimes committed.
We further call for an immediate end to Turkey’s military operations in northeastern Syria, which poses a threat to international peace and security.
We urge the international community to pressure Turkey to end its military operations and withdraw from the area.
Turkey must comply with international law and prioritize protection of civilians and cease attacking civilian infrastructure indispensable to the survival of the population, such as water facilities.
The Turkish government must meet its international obligations and ensure that refugees are protected and refrain from returning anyone to a place where they have a well-founded fear of persecution, torture, or loss of life.
The European Union should ensure that none of its funding to Turkey under the EU-Turkey refugees agreement is used to forcibly repatriate Syrian refugees.
Turkey and its allied groups must abide by international humanitarian and human rights law and cease the confiscation of property, pillaging, arbitrary arrests, and the destruction of cultural property.

Signatory Organizations