On the anniversary of the verdicts in the mass trial of prominent human rights defenders, lawyers, judges, academics and students known as the UAE94, we the undersigned call on allies of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to press the Emirati authorities to immediately and unconditionally release all those convicted following a trial that lacked the most basic international standards necessary for a fair trial and due process. Many of those who were sentenced to ten years in prison are due for release this year, yet they are being held past the end of their sentences.
Members of the UAE94 are among many prisoners of conscience imprisoned solely for the peaceful exercise of their rights to freedom of expression and freedom of association. The UAE has failed to conduct an independent, impartial and comprehensive investigation into the allegations that members of the UAE94 were subjected to torture and ill-treatment before and after their trial, and to bring those responsible for these violations to trial and provide redress and compensation to their victims.
On 2 July 2013, the Abu Dhabi Federal Supreme Court issued verdicts convicting 69 of the 94 defendants, including eight of those convicted in absentia, and acquitted 25 of them. Prison sentences ranged between seven and fifteen years. Among those convicted are many prominent figures in Emirati society, including human rights lawyer Dr. Mohammed Al-Roken, a professor of constitutional law and the former president of the UAE’s Jurists Association; renowned lawyers and human rights defenders Dr. Mohammad Al-Mansoori and Salem Al-Shehhi; and human rights defenders Abdulsalam Mohammed Darwish Al-Marzouqi, and Sheikh Mohammed Abdul Razzaq Al-Siddiq, both of whose children were left stateless after their citizenship was revoked by the authorities, leaving them without identification documents.
The defendants also included Judge Mohammed Saeed Al-Abdouli, a board member of the Fujairah Charitable Society; professor of law and former judge Dr. Ahmed Al-Zaabi; human rights lawyer and university professor Dr. Hadef Rashid Al-Owais; Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Kayed Al-Qasimi, a senior member of the ruling family in Ras Al-Khaimah; Director of the Association for Guidance and Social Guidance, Khaled Al Shaiba Al-Nuaimi; science teacher Hussain Ali Al-Najjar Al-Hammadi; former blogger and teacher Saleh Mohammed Al-Dhafiri; student leader Abdullah Al-Hajri; and student blogger Khalifa Al-Nuaimi.
The signatures of the UAE94 on the reform petition – among 133 men and women from across the UAE’s intellectual, legal, human rights and political spectrum – was one of the main reasons they were targeted. In the petition, submitted on 3 March 2011 to the President of the State and members of the Supreme Council, who rule the seven Emirates, the signatories demanded “the election of all members of the Federal National Council by all citizens, as applied in democratic countries around the world” and “amendments to the constitutional articles related to the Federal National Council to ensure it has full legislative and oversight powers.”
Among other signatories to this historic petition are prominent human rights defender and blogger Ahmed Mansoor, currently serving a ten-year prison sentence handed down in March 2015 for his human rights activism, and woman human rights defender Alaa Mohammed Al-Siddiq, who passed away in exile in the UK after an unfortunate accident in June 2021.
The Emirati authorities responded to this reform petition with repression, reflecting their rejection of free expression of opinion and their disrespect for the civil and human rights of citizens. Many of its signatories were subjected to all kinds of reprisals, including arbitrary arrest and detention, and unfair prison sentences after sham trials on false charges, in addition to having their citizenship revoked and their property and assets confiscated, and being dismissed from their jobs. Their family members also suffered from similar retaliation.
On 13 September 2021, the UAE Cabinet issued a ministerial resolution adding 38 individuals and 13 entities to the government’s terror list. The list includes three human rights defenders and a researcher who are among those sentenced in absentia as part of the UAE94 group. They are Hamad Mohammed Al-Shamsi, Executive Director of the Emirates Detainees Advocacy Center (EDAC), and human rights lawyer and former judge Mohammed Saqr Al-Zaabi, former president of the UAE’s Jurists Association who was sentenced in absentia to 15 years in prison; and academics and activists Ahmed Mohammed Al-Shaiba Al-Nuaimi and Saeed Nasser Al-Tenaiji.
On 25 January 2022, the UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders and other UN experts wrote to the UAE to express their concern over the inclusion on the above-mentioned terrorist list of Al-Shamsi, Al-Zaabi, Al-Nuaimi, and Al-Tenaiji. The UAE government had not replied at the time of its publication.
The UAE authorities continue to carry out enforced disappearance, torture, and unjust sentences applying laws repeatedly used to prosecute human rights defenders, such as Federal Law No 2 of 2008, the Cybercrime Law, and the 2014 Law on Combating Terrorism Offences, which includes a vague and broad definition of terrorism and allows people to be indefinitely detained without charge or court sentencing, and to be held past the end of their sentences.
Many prisoners of conscience are held after their sentences have been served, on the grounds that they allegedly pose a threat to state security and are in need of rehabilitation. Prisoners scheduled for release are transferred from Al-Razeen Prison to the Munasaha (Counselling) Centre, which despite its name signifying tolerance, is simply another building in the same prison that is isolated from the other wings. Seventeen prisoners of conscience are currently languishing in the Munasaha (Counselling) Centre buildings of the prisons, despite having completed their sentences. Fourteen of them belong to the UAE94.
Prisoners of conscience who are scheduled to be released in the coming months (until September 2022) have already been informed that they will not be released but will be insead subject to the so-called “counselling programme”.
In September 2021, the European Parliament adopted a wide-ranging resolution calling for “the immediate and unconditional release of Ahmed Mansoor, Dr Mohammed Al-Roken and Dr Nasser bin Ghaith as well as all other human rights defenders, political activists and peaceful dissidents.” It urges the authorities to amend the Anti-Terrorism Law, the Cybercrime Law and Federal Law No 2 of 2008, which are repeatedly used to prosecute human rights defenders. Furthermore, the Resolution “deeply deplores the gap between the UAE’s claims to be a tolerant and rights-respecting country and the fact its own human rights defenders are detained in harsh conditions.”
We call on the leaders of the UAE’s allies, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada and EU member states, to urge the UAE authorities to fulfill their human rights obligations, and to show true tolerance, the first step being to release all imprisoned human rights defenders and other prisoners of conscience. We further call on the UAE to close so-called “counselling wings” or centres in prison and release all detainees who are being held past the end of their sentences, in flagrant violation of their civil and human rights and without legal basis.
Signed,
- ACAT Belgium (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
- ACAT Germany (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
- ACAT Italy (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
- ACAT Switzerland (Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture)
- Access Now
- ALQST for Human Rights
- ARTICLE 19
- Association for Victims of Torture in UAE
- CIVICUS
- Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)
- Committee for the Respect of Liberties and Human Rights in Tunisia
- Danish PEN
- Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN)
- El Nadim Center for Rehabilitation of Victims of Violence
- Emirates Center for Human Rights
- Emirates Detainees Advocacy Center (EDAC)
- European Centre for Democracy & Human Rights (ECDHR)
- Federal Association of Vietnamese Refugees in Germany
- FIDH, within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
- Geneva Council for Rights and Liberties
- Global Voices
- Gulf Centre for Human Rights
- Human Rights First
- Human Rights Sentinel
- IFEX
- International Campaign for Freedom in the UAE (ICFUAE)
- International Centre for Justice and Human Rights (ICJHR)
- International Partnership for Human Rights (IPHR)
- International Service for Human Rights
- Kuwait Watch
- Lawyers for Lawyers
- Lawyers Rights Watch Canada
- Libyan Organization for Human Rights
- MENA Rights Group
- Monitoring Committee on Attacks on Lawyers, International Association of People’s Lawyers (IAPL)
- No Peace Without Justice
- PEN Canada
- PEN International
- Scholars at Risk
- Skyline International for Human Rights
- Society for Threatened Peoples
- Tunisian Association Defending Individual Liberties
- Tunisian Association of Democratic Women (ATFD)
- Tunisian Association to Support Minorities
- Tunisian Coalition against the death penalty
- Tunisian League to Defend Human Rights
- UIA-IROL (the Institute for the Rule of Law of the International Association of Lawyers)
- Vigilance for Democracy and the Civic State, Tunisia
- We Record
- World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), within the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders
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